The Divided House Revisited: A Narrative Reading of Mark 3:20–35
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21906/rbl.3789Keywords:
Gospel of Mark, Mark 3:20–35, narrative analysis, intercalation, house, οἶκος, οἰκία, Jesus’ family, οἱ παρ᾿ αὐτοῦ, ἐξέστη, biblical rhetoric, discipleshipAbstract
The article offers a narrative analysis of Mark 3:20–35, focusing on the intercalation structure (“Markan sandwich”) and the motif of the “house.” It demonstrates how repetition, rhetorical devices, and chiastic patterns shape the interpretation of the pericope. Particular attention is given to the expressions οἱ παρ᾿ αὐτοῦ and ἐξέστη, proposing its reading in terms of “amazement” rather than “madness.” The author argues that the text does not depreciate Jesus’ family but portrays their gradual movement toward faith. Ultimately, the “house” becomes an image of the community of disciples, where spiritual bonds surpass blood ties.
References
Ahearne-Kroll, S. (2001). “Who are my mother and my brothers?” Family relations and family language in the Gospel of Mark. The Journal of Religion, 81(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1086/490763
Boring, M. (2006). Mark: A commentary. Westminster John Knox Press.
Boring, M. (1976). The unforgivable sin logion Mark III 28–29/Matt XII 31–32/Luke XII 10: Formal analysis and history of the tradition. Novum Testamentum, 18(4), 258–279. https://doi.org/10.2307/1560536
Burckhardt, T. (1967). Sacred Art in East and West. Its Principles and Methods (L. Northbourne, Trans.). Perennial Books.
Busch, A. (2006). Questioning and conviction: Double-voiced discourse in Mark 3:22–30. Journal of Biblical Literature, 125(3), 477–505. https://doi.org/10.2307/27638376
Cignelli, L., & Bottini, G. (1995). Concordanza del pronome αὐτός nel greco biblico. Liber Annuus, 45, 143–164.
Collins, A. Y., & Attridge, H. W. (2007). Mark: A commentary (Hermeneia. A Critical and Historical Commentary on the Bible). Fortress Press.
Crimella, M. (2015). Raccontare Dio: Note su analisi narrativa e Bibbia. Apulia Theologica, 1(1), 133–153.
Critchlow, K. (1969). Order in Space. A Design Source Book. Thames & Hudson.
Crossan, J. D. (1973). Mark and the relatives of Jesus. Novum Testamentum, 15(2), 81–113. https://doi.org/10.2307/1560270
Czerski, J. (1997). Metody interpretacji Nowego Testamentu (Opolska Biblioteka Teologiczna, 21). Wydawnictwo Świętego Krzyża.
Edwards, J. R. (1989). Markan sandwiches: The significance of interpolations in Markan narratives. Novum Testamentum, 31(3), 193–216. https://doi.org/10.2307/1560460
Evans, C. A. (2003). Mark. In J. D. G. Dunn & J. G. Rogerson (Eds.), Eerdmans commentary on the Bible (pp. 1064–1103). Eerdmans.
Green, J. B. (2010). Narrative criticism. In J. B. Green (Ed.), Methods for Luke (pp. 74–112; Methods in Biblical Interpretation). Cambridge University Press.
Guelich, R. A. (1989). Mark 1–8:26 (Word Biblical Commentary, 34a). Thomas Nelson.
Harrington, D. J. (1990). The Gospel according to Mark. In R. E. Brown, J. A. Fitzmyer & R. E. Murphy (Eds.), The New Jerome Biblical Commentary (pp. 596–629). Prentice Hall.
Holland, D. (2017). The meaning of ἐξέστη in Mark. The Journal of Inductive Biblical Studies, 4(1), 6–31.
Lamb, W. (2012). The Catena in Marcum: A Byzantine anthology of early commentary on Mark (Texts and Editions for New Testament Study, 6). Brill.
Lambrecht, J. (1974). The relatives of Jesus in Mark. Novum Testamentum, 16(4), 241–258. https://doi.org/10.2307/1560220
Lausberg, H. (1998). Handbook of literary rhetoric. A foundation for literary study (D. E. Orton & R. D. Anderson, Eds.; M. T. Bliss, A. Jansen & D. E. Orton, Trans.; 2nd ed.). Brill.
Ludwig, H. (1995). Arbeitsbuch Romananalyse (2nd ed.; Literaturwissenschaft im Grundstudium, 12). Narr.
Malina, A. (2002). Ewangelia a bluźnierstwo przeciw Duchowi Świętemu (Mk 3,29; 12,40). Verbum Vitae, 2, 109–126. https://doi.org/10.31743/vv.1329
May, D. M. (1987). Mark 3:20–35 from the perspective of shame/honour. Biblical Theology Bulletin, 17(3), 83–87.
Moj, M. (2018). Sandwich technique in the Gospel of Mark. Biblical Annals, 8(3), 363–377.
Painter, J. (1999). When is a house not home? Disciples and family in Mark 3:13–35. New Testament Studies, 45(4), 498–513. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0028688598000496
Powell, M. A. (1990). What is narrative criticism? Fortress Press.
Resseguie, J. L. (2005). Narrative criticism of the New Testament: An introduction. Baker Academic.
Rhoads, D. (1982). Narrative criticism and the Gospel of Mark. Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 50(3), 411–434. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/L.3.411
Rhoads, D., & Michie, D. (1983). Mark as story. An introduction to the narrative of a Gospel. Fortress Press.
Stein, R. H. (2008). Mark (Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament). Baker Academic.
Trainor, M. (2001). The quest for home: The household in Mark’s community. Liturgical Press.
Tuckett, C. M. (2001). Mark. In J. Barton & J. Muddiman (Eds.), The Oxford Bible commentary (pp. 886–922). Oxford University Press.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2022 Tomasz Koszarek

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License
that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. - Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).